Pulmonary sarcoidosis

The lung is the most common organ affected by sarcoidosis. Multiple tools are available to assist clinicians in assessing lung disease activity and in excluding alternative causes of respiratory symptoms. Improving outcomes in pulmonary sarcoidosis should focus on preventing disease progression and disability, and preserving quality of life, in addition to timely identification and management of complications like fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis. While steroids continue to be first-line therapy, other therapies with fewer long-term side-effects are available and should be considered in certain circumstances. Knowledge of common clinical features of pulmonary sarcoidosis and specific pulmonary sarcoidosis phenotypes is important for identifying patients who are more likely to benefit from treatment.Copyright © ERS 2022.

The Relationship between Wearing Protective Masks and Poor Oral Health

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of people wearing masks in everyday life has increased. At the same time, there has been a noticeable rise in the amount of patients with bad breath (foe-tor ex ore), gingivitis, caries, and xerostomia. The appearance of these symptoms and diseases caused by wearing a mask is designated by the term mask mouth. The aim of this article is to establish the link between wearing protective masks and deteriorating oral health. From the conducted research, it has been es-tablished that wearing a surgical mask over a long period of time leads to reduced air exchange in the mask and "recycling" of exhaled air. This leads to inhalation of air with increased CO2 content and increase in pCO2 in the blood, which is subsequently compensated by rapid and deep breathing in most cases through the mouth. The goal is to exhale the accumulated CO2. As the mask reduces air exchange, the level of CO2 in the mask remains relatively high. Prolonged breathing through the mouth often leads to xerostomia. Saliva is known to have protective functions against the development of bacteria in the oral cavity through its an-tibacterial properties. Xerostomia can be a prerequisite for the development of various diseases of bacterial origin, such as gingivitis. Furthermore, oral respiration leads to an increase in temperature and CO2 in the air in the mask and a decrease in pH in the oral cavity, which are optimal conditions for biofilm formation, plaque buildup, development of most bacteria, e.g., S. mutans, which is the main cause of caries.Copyright © 2022, Bulgarian-American Center. All rights reserved.

Study of Prescription Pattern of Covid-19 Intensive Care Unit Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

COVID- 19 was the most challenging public health problem worldwide for better part of 2 years (2019 - 2021). Although several of the medication have not demonstrated promising benefits in the majority of research, they are nonetheless utilized. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the hospital pharmaceutical care of COVID-19 patients by sex, age group, and with regards to oxygen consumption classifying and grouping them with comorbidities seen and auxiliary medication given . Hospital based retrospective observational study was conducted among 123 patients with antigen positive Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction confirmed COVID- 19 infection admitted in the ICU for 24 hours prior. As the age increased the chance for ICU admission also increased. The most affected age group was above 50 years of age. The total number of patients requiring oxygen was 100% in COVID- 19 ICU patients. Some of the most common comorbidities were heart disease (18%) followed by Diabetes Mellitus (15%) and Hypertension (15 %). Only 48 % of patients received antivirals. Remdesivir which was the mainstay antiviral was given (41%). Amoxicillin and clavulanate combination (Augmentin 625 mg) was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (27%).The antipyretic of choice was paracetamol which was given to 100% of patients. Almost all patients (78%) were given enoxaparin sodium as the anticoagulant of choice. Regardless of equivocal results, multivitamins and supplements were recommended to all patients. All prescription guidelines as given by ICMR for COVID- 19 ICU patients were followed with the exception of the extensive antimicrobial use.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Atoms

Correspondence to Dr Nick Brown, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;nickjwbrown@gmail.com Travelling light? See pages 160 and 185 How far is too far Adding yet another new flavour to the always-thought-provoking Clinical Law series, Rob Wheeler (Southampton, UK) swings his case analysis lens to the emotive, intangible area of the lengths one can reasonably go to administer a treatment. Thomas Jackson (UCL, London) and UK oncology-centre colleagues provide an excellent example describing the revision and testing of the Covid-induced revision to the febrile neutropenia guidance by the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG).

CPET ventilatory characteristics of dysfunctional breathing in long COVID patients with persistent dyspnea

Background: Cardio-pulmonary exercise test (CPET) can differentiate causes of persistent dyspnea beyond cardiopulmonary limitation. Dysfunctional breathing (DB) has been increasingly identified in long COVID in two main forms, hyperventilation [HV] or periodic deep sighing [PDS]. Aims and objectives: We aimed to contrast the CPET ventilatory parameters in post COVID patients without cardiopulmonary limitations. Four groups were compared a) normal CPET, b) PDS, c) HV and d) mixed pattern (PDS & HV). Method(s): CPET patterns (N, HV, PDS and mixed) were determined in 76 SARS-CoV2 patients [Mean age 48.2 (SD15.0), women (n=49, 64%)]. We compared breath by breath ventilatory parameters using raw data and coefficients of variation focusing on breathing frequency, tidal volume, VE/VCO2 and ins- and expiratory time. Result(s): Normal CPET were found in 26 (30%), HV in 12 (16%), PDS in 25 (33%) and mixed in 16 (21%)., dyspnea level and timing of evaluation between COVID and CPET (mean 230 days) were similar between groups. See figure for ventilatory parameters at rest and exercise. Conclusion(s): In long COVID patients with normal lung function and normal oxygen consumption but persistent dyspnea, assessment of the variability of ventilation at rest and exercise using CPET can reliably identify DB and differentiate its main forms (PDS or HV), thus offering a physiological explanation for dyspnea and allowing targeted therapy.

Spike Protein Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Human Cardiomyocytes: Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Injury in COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has a major impact on cardiovascular diseases and may lead to myocarditis or cardiac failure. The clove-like spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 facilitates its transmission and pathogenesis. Cardiac mitochondria produce energy for key heart functions. We hypothesized that S1 would directly impair the functions of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, thus causing cardiac dysfunction. METHODS: Through the Seahorse Mito Stress Test and real-time ATP rate assays, we explored the mitochondrial bioenergetics in human cardiomyocytes (AC16). The cells were treated without (control) or with S1 (1 nM) for 24, 48, and 72 h and we observed the mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting, XRhod-1, and MitoSOX Red staining were performed to evaluate the expression of proteins related to energetic metabolism and relevant signaling cascades, mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and ROS production. RESULTS: The 24 h S1 treatment increased ATP production and mitochondrial respiration by increasing the expression of fatty-acid-transporting regulators and inducing more negative mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). The 72 h S1 treatment decreased mitochondrial respiration rates and Δψm, but increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mCa2+, and intracellular Ca2+. Electron microscopy revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation/fission in AC16 cells treated for 72 h. The effects of S1 on ATP production were completely blocked by neutralizing ACE2 but not CD147 antibodies, and were partly attenuated by Mitotempo (1 µM). CONCLUSION: S1 might impair mitochondrial function in human cardiomyocytes by altering Δψm, mCa2+ overload, ROS accumulation, and mitochondrial dynamics via ACE2.

COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients: what have we learned one year later? A cohort study from a tertiary center

Introduction: Kidney transplant (KT) recipients have a high risk for adverse outcomes from infections, such as COVID- 19. Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed all KT recipients with documented COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and March 15, 2021, and analyzed patients' characteristics, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes. Results: We identified 123 patients, 72% were male, with a mean age of 54.5±13.0 years. Twenty percent were asymptomatic, 7% had a nosocomial transmission, and 36% of the remainder required hospitalization. Almost all admitted patients received oxygen, 30% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), more than a half had acute kidney injury, with 10% requiring dialysis, and 20% died. Incidence was comparable to that of the Portuguese population, but the mortality rate was almost four times higher (SMR of 3.768 (95% CI:1.723-7.154). Higher body mass index (OR 1.275, P=0.001), lower baseline graft function (OR 0.968, P=0.015), and nosocomial transmission (OR 13.836, P=0.019) were associated with oxygen demand, whereas female gender (OR 3.801, P=0.031) and lower baseline kidney graft function (OR 0.955, P=0.005), but not body mass index, were associated with IMV and/or death. Conclusion: Mortality rate in KT patients was higher than in the general population and lower baseline kidney function was the most consistent marker for adverse outcomes.

Clinical Dilemma of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Infection

The COVID-19 Pneumonia with diabetic ketoacidosis is a dreadful health condition. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the severe metabolic complications and it can be precipitated by infection. We presented a case of 48 years female with no known comorbidities who presented with COVID-19 symptoms and with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. The case presented with elevated inflammatory markers, high anion gap metabolic acidosis with type I respiratory failure. During admission, the oxygen saturation had marked drop, later her improvement was steady followed by gradual tapering of the oxygenation. Marked improvement was noticed in the subsequent follow-up. COVID-19 infection can be precipitated by preexisting diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes and the severity of COVID-19 infection is more pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus, thus should be managed timely and accordingly. The scarce studies among the COVID-19 cases with diabetic ketoacidosis reflect the need for further studies for the availability of a wider range of information. Copyright © 2021, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved.

The effect of a high-intensity interval training program on combat soldiers fitness

Running helps maintain aerobic and anaerobic fitness and normal body weight in combat fighters. However, alternative training methods are necessary to maintain combat fitness when conditions do not allow running, be it service-related or, recently, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related limitations. This prospective interventional, unblinded, nonrandomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a high-intensity interval training program that excluded prolonged running in maintaining physical fitness and bodyweight. The study included 60 compulsory service male soldiers, aged 20.45 ± 0.48 years, divided into equal matched intervention and control groups. The three weekly workouts in the control group comprised 5–8 km running. The intervention group underwent three weekly workouts that included agility and strength training at short, intense intervals with brief recovery times between sets. The groups were compared before and after six weeks of training. At the start and end of the six-week program, the groups were similar at a significance level of P < 0.05 for bodyweight, body fat and muscle percent, background characteristics, Army Fitness Test (3-km running, pull-ups, squats, dips), agility, and maximal oxygen consumption. Our findings showed that the intervention training program was as effective as the standard running program in maintaining the participants aerobic and anaerobic fitness and normal bodyweight. The suggested high-intensity interval training program could be a viable fitness strategy when running is not possible in combat soldiers and civilians alike. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]

Necessity Is the Mother of All Invention, But Not All Inventions Completely Address the Necessity

This commentary refers to the article "A Recirculation System to Reduce the Consumption of Oxygen During CPAP" by A. Coppadoro, L. Paratico, G. Bellani and colleagues, that was published within the issue. Topics discussed include oxygen therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, partial rebreathing, and oxygen conservation and efficient use of limited oxygen supplies.

Evaluation of long-term sequelae by cardiopulmonary exercise testing 12 months after hospitalization for severe COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important clinical tool that provides a global assessment of the respiratory, circulatory and metabolic responses to exercise which are not adequately reflected through the measurement of individual organ system function at rest. In the context of critical COVID-19, CPET is an ideal approach for assessing long term sequelae. METHODS: In this prospective single-center study, we performed CPET 12 months after symptom onset in 60 patients that had required intensive care unit treatment for a severe COVID-19 infection. Lung function at rest and chest computed tomography (CT) scan were also performed. RESULTS: Twelve months after severe COVID-19 pneumonia, dyspnea was the most frequently reported symptom although only a minority of patients had impaired respiratory function at rest. Mild ground-glass opacities, reticulations and bronchiectasis were the most common CT scan abnormalities. The majority of the patients (80%) had a peak O2 uptake (V'O2) considered within normal limits (median peak predicted O2 uptake (V'O2) of 98% [87.2-106.3]). Length of ICU stay remained an independent predictor of V'O2. More than half of the patients with a normal peak predicted V'O2 showed ventilatory inefficiency during exercise with an abnormal increase of physiological dead space ventilation (VD/Vt) (median VD/VT of 0.27 [0.21-0.32] at anaerobic threshold (AT) and 0.29 [0.25-0.34] at peak) and a widened median peak alveolar-arterial gradient for O2 (35.2 mmHg [31.2-44.8]. Peak PetCO2 was significantly lower in subjects with an abnormal increase of VD/Vt (p = 0.001). Impairments were more pronounced in patients with dyspnea. Peak VD/Vt values were positively correlated with peak D-Dimer plasma concentrations from blood samples collected during ICU stay (r2 = 0.12; p = 0.02) and to predicted diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (r2 = - 0.15; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve months after severe COVID-19 pneumonia, most of the patients had a peak V'O2 considered within normal limits but showed ventilatory inefficiency during exercise with increased dead space ventilation that was more pronounced in patients with persistent dyspnea. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04519320 (19/08/2020).

Model for Home-Based Physical Activity Program Utilizing Telemedicine for Fontan Patients

Introduction: Fontan patients have decreased exercise capacity. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the variable adherence to hospital-based physical activity programs, which improve exercise capacity and attenuate the expected decline in aging Fontan patients. A positive pediatric exercise capacity trajectory has been reported to predict better adult Fontan outcomes. We designed and implemented a reimbursable 12-month, home-based, individualized physical activity program for Fontan patients utilizing a telemedicine model. Method(s): Eligible participants must be able to complete a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and demonstrate ability to adhere to a 12-month exercise prescription. Assent and consent are obtained. CPET and informal surveys of physical activity self-efficacy are completed at enrollment and graduation. An individualized exercise prescription is provided, with focus on skeletal and respiratory muscle strength training and aerobic activities. Participants receive a Garmin © device to monitor adherence. A cardiologist, nurse coordinator, and exercise physiologists comprise the team and regularly communicate with participants, starting with weekly check-ins that gradually space out to monthly as participants gain confidence. Result(s): Since program initiation, 9 participants have completed the program and 3 remain active. For the 9 graduates, all scheduled in-person and telehealth visits were completed. At completion of the 12-month program compared to baseline, there was no difference in maximal or submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2), peak heart rate, or oxygen saturation, but there was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (144 +/- 16 vs 162 +/- 15, p-value 0.004) and minute ventilation (68.8 +/- 19.3 vs 76.8 +/- 22.1, p-value 0.012) at peak exercise. Per subjective report, all graduates had increased confidence related to exercise. There were no adverse events in any participant. Conclusion(s): A novel, home-based, 12-month individualized physical activity program using telemedicine was successfully implemented, with no adverse events. A larger study is needed to better assess change in VO2 and other qualitative and quantitative parameters, although the lack of decline in exercise capacity is encouraging.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Cardiovascular Health in University Students.

BACKGROUND: A decrease in physical activity levels among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic is well-documented in the literature. However, the effect of lockdown restrictions on cardiovascular fitness has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS: The aim of the study was to assess the possible changes in cardiovascular fitness among university students during a 14-week period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirteen female and seven male tourism and recreation students participated in the study. Examinations were conducted in November 2020 and in February/March 2021. Students performed the PWC170 test on a cycling ergometer. Maximal oxygen consumption was calculated based on the PWC170 test results. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest, as well as in the 1st and 5th minute of post-exercise recovery. RESULTS: No substantial changes were observed in maximal oxygen consumption level when comparing autumn and winter indices. Male students presented elevated blood pressure whereas female students presented normal blood pressure. Heart-rate and blood-pressure indices did not show substantial alternations in examined students during analyzed period. CONCLUSIONS: Fourteen weeks of lockdown had little effect on the cardiovascular health of tourism and recreation students.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with long covid

ObjectiveExamine the relationship between symptoms and exercise physiological parameters in patients with long covid.MethodsPatients with long covid symptoms 6–12 months after covid19 infection referred to the long covid clinic were invited for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET). None had required ventilatory support during covid19 infection. All patients had normal transthoracic echocardiograms and normal resting flow-volume curves and gas transfer measurements. All patients underwent standard cycle ergometer symptom-limited CPET. Treatment guided by the CPET was offered and follow-up CPET was performed at 3 months.Results32 patients had a first CPET. The commonest symptoms were breathlessness (30/32), fatigue (26/32), cough (7/32), ‘brain fog’ (6/32) and chest pain (5/32). The main CPET physiological abnormalities were a borderline low peak oxygen uptake (mean 82.5% predicted), a low anaerobic threshold (AT, mean 47.6% of predicted maximal oxygen uptake) and a low oxygen uptake/work rate slope (mean 9.4 ml/min/W). The oxygen pulse curve flattened early in exercise, but peak oxygen pulse was normal (mean 88.9%).20 patients underwent a second CPET. 14 patients had improved symptoms: breathlessness (11/20), fatigue (9/20), cough (2/20), ‘brain fog’ (3/20) and chest pain (0/20). Symptom improvement was associated with a rise in peak oxygen uptake (to mean 85.3% predicted) and oxygen pulse (to mean 94.1% predicted) although both remained within the normal range. The AT remained low (mean 46.4% predicted maximal oxygen uptake). The ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) was normal 28.6 L/L at AT.6 patients with unchanged symptoms had a reduction in oxygen pulse to mean 81.5% predicted compared to the first CPET but a rise in VE/VCO2 to 33.7 L/L at AT.ConclusionsLong covid is associated with impaired peak oxygen uptake, AT and oxygen pulse. This suggests an oxygen delivery or uptake disorder or deconditioning. The transthoracic echocardiograms were normal suggesting a disorder at the muscle level.A targeted treatment programme based on CPET improves symptoms and physiological parameters in long covid patients.Patients with unchanged symptoms after 3 months of treatment had persistent physiological abnormalities but appeared to develop features of dysfunctional breathing syndrome.

GAINING CONSENSUS ON EXPERT RULE STATEMENTS FOR A DIGITAL TWIN PATIENT MODEL IN THE ICU USING A DELPHI METHOD

SESSION TITLE: Optimizing Resources in the ICU SESSION TYPE: Original Investigations PRESENTED ON: 10/16/2022 10:30 am - 11:30 am PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed worldwide heterogeneity in the application of fundamental critical care principles and best practices. New methods and strategies to facilitate timely and accurate interventions are needed. If built on a robust foundation of physiologic principles, a virtual critically ill patient (aka digital twin) could better inform decision making in critical care. When used in clinical practice, a digital twin may allow bedside providers to preview how organ systems interact to cause a clinical effect, providing the opportunity to test the effects of various interventions virtually, without exposing an actual patient to potential harm. Building on our previous work with a digital twin model of critically ill patients with sepsis, this current project focuses specifically on the respiratory system. METHODS: We assembled a modified Delphi panel of 36 international critical care experts. We modeled elements of respiratory system pathophysiology using directed acyclic graphs (DAG) and derived several statements describing associated ICU clinical processes. Panelists participated in three Delphi rounds to gauge agreement on 71 final statements using a 6-point Likert scale. Agreement was defined as >80% selection of a 5 (“agree”) or 6 (“strongly agree”). RESULTS: The first Delphi round included statements of pulmonary physiology affecting critically ill patients, eg pulmonary edema, hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), airway obstruction, restrictive lung disease, and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Agreement was achieved on 60 (84.5%) of expert statements after completion of two rounds. After partial completion of the third round, agreement increased to 62 (87%). Statements with the most agreement included the physiology and management of airway obstruction decreasing alveolar ventilation and the effects of alveolar infiltrates on ventilation-perfusion matching. Lowest agreement was noted for the statements describing the interaction between shock and hypoxemic respiratory failure due to increased oxygen consumption and ARDS increasing dead space. CONCLUSIONS: An international cohort of critical care experts reached 87% agreement on our rule statements for respiratory system pathophysiology. The Delphi approach appears to be an effective way to refine content for our digital twin model. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Expert consensus can be used to strengthen the respiratory physiology statements used to direct the ICU digital twin patient model. With a digital twin based on refined respiratory physiology statements, bedside providers may preview how organ systems interact to cause a clinical effect without exposing an actual patient to various interventions. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Ognjen Gajic, value=Royalty Removed 06/06/2022 by Ognjen Gajic No relevant relationships by Amos Lal No relevant relationships by John Litell No relevant relationships by Amy Montgomery

An Exercise Prescription as a Novel Management Strategy for Treatment of Long COVID.

Mechanisms causing the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID) remain elusive, but the clinical phenotype is consistent with cardiac deconditioning. We report a case series of patients with long COVID whose symptoms improved/resolved with exercise and present exercise training as a novel therapeutic strategy for management of long COVID syndrome. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Benefits of 6 weeks of high interval intensity training based on basic fitness variables and losing weight during the pandemic of covid-19 period

BACKGROUND: Due to the authorization to do outdoor sports in Algeria, the government allowed the sports that do not require physical contact. The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of 06 weeks of high interval intensity training (HIIT) based on body weight movement and sprint on developing maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), power, maximum aerobic speed (VMA), endurance, and losing weight during the pandemic of covid-19. METHODS: 11 persons participate in this study belonging to the fitness club in Bordj Bou Arreridj – Algeria – (age: 32.18± 8.08 year, high: 1.78 ± 0.052 cm, weight: 84.24 ± 11.25 kg, BMI: 26.50± 3.95 kg). the protocol was contained 3 session moderate intensity, pretest, 6weeks HIIT 3 sessions per week, and ensure that the heart rate is 100% during the exercise finally, post-tests. RESULTS: similar increases (p < 0.05) in distance of running by (226,54m, 17.30%). And VMA it enhanced by 2.26 km/h with 17.34%. While VO2max it’s developed by 17.28% (7.92 mL/kg/min). with very large effect size (ES=1.75). In addition, the power of legs it boosted by 3.17% (6.27 cm) with small effect size (0.58). Also, results indicate decrease in weight by 2.73 with large effect size (0.87). CONCLUSION: the outdoor exercise it seems safe to do during the pandemic of covid-19. Results highlight great effect of HIIT on enhancing (VO2max, power, VMA, endurance, and losing weight). © 2022 English Language and Literature Association of Korea. All rights reserved.

The effect of a high-intensity interval training program on combat soldiers fitness

Summary Introduction Running helps maintain aerobic and anaerobic fitness and normal body weight in combat fighters. However, alternative training methods are necessary to maintain combat fitness when conditions do not allow running, be it service-related or, recently, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related limitations. This prospective interventional, unblinded, nonrandomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a high-intensity interval training program that excluded prolonged running in maintaining physical fitness and bodyweight. Summary of facts and results The study included 60 compulsory service male soldiers, aged 20.45±0.48 years, divided into equal matched intervention and control groups. The three weekly workouts in the control group comprised 5–8km running. The intervention group underwent three weekly workouts that included agility and strength training at short, intense intervals with brief recovery times between sets. The groups were compared before and after six weeks of training. At the start and end of the six-week program, the groups were similar at a significance level of P<0.05 for bodyweight, body fat and muscle percent, background characteristics, Army Fitness Test (3-km running, pull-ups, squats, dips), agility, and maximal oxygen consumption. Conclusion Our findings showed that the intervention training program was as effective as the standard running program in maintaining the participants aerobic and anaerobic fitness and normal bodyweight. The suggested high-intensity interval training program could be a viable fitness strategy when running is not possible in combat soldiers and civilians alike. Résumé Introduction La course à pied aide à maintenir la forme aérobie et anaérobie et un poids corporel normal chez les combattants. Cependant, des méthodes d’entraînement alternatives sont nécessaires pour maintenir l’aptitude au combat lorsque les conditions ne permettent pas de courir, que ce soit des limitations liées au service ou, récemment, liées à la pandémie de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Cette étude prospective interventionnelle, sans insu et non randomisée visait à évaluer l’efficacité d’un programme d’entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité qui exclurait la course prolongée pour maintenir la forme physique et le poids corporel. Résumé des faits et des résultats L’étude a été portée sur 60 soldats (Homme) en service obligatoire, âgés de 20,45±0,48 ans, répartis en groupes recherche et de contrôle appariés égaux. Les trois entraînements hebdomadaires du groupe témoin comprenaient 5 à 8km de course. Le groupe recherche a également subi trois séances d’entraînement hebdomadaires comprenant de l’agilité et de la musculation à intervalles courts et intenses avec de brefs temps de récupération entre les séries. Les groupes ont été comparés avant et après six semaines d’entraînement. Au début et à la fin du programme de six semaines, les groupes étaient similaires à un niveau de signification de p<0,05 pour le poids corporel, le pourcentage de graisse corporelle et de muscle, les caractéristiques de base, le test de condition physique de l’armée (course de 3km, tractions, squats, dips), agilité et consommation maximale d’oxygène. Conclusion Nos résultats ont montré que le programme d’entraînement utilisé était aussi efficace que le programme de course standard pour maintenir la forme aérobie et anaérobie des participants et un poids corporel normal. Le programme d’entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité suggéré pourrait être une stratégie de remise en forme viable lorsque la course n’est pas possible chez les soldats de combat et les civils.

Toma de decisiones, inteligencia contextual, consumo máximo de oxígeno y fuerza explosiva en deportistas de futsal durante el covid-19

La presente investigación buscó determinar la relación entre el consumo máximo de oxígeno, la fuerza explosiva, la toma de decisiones y la inteligencia contextual en deportistas de fútbol sala durante el aislamiento por Covid-19. Estudio descriptivo, realizado con 30 deportistas de futbol sala de la ciudad de Popayán durante el confinamiento por Covid-19, en donde se evaluó las características de entrenamiento, el índice de masa corporal, la capacidad aeróbica, la fuerza explosiva de miembros inferiores, la inteligencia contextual y la toma de decisiones. El promedio de VO2máx de los deportistas fue de 43,60 ml/kg/min, la media en la altura de salto fue de 38,22 cm;el tiempo de reacción promedio para la prueba de Stroop fue de 1,41 s. Además, se encontró relación estadística entre el VO2máx, la intuición para detectar las acciones de mi oponente (p= 0,016), la reacción rápida a los cambios en la competición (p= 0,012) y tomar la iniciativa (p= 0,017). Durante el aislamiento, los deportistas presentaron niveles de sobrepeso, tiempos de reacción lentos para la toma de decisiones, y valores bajos en Vo2 máx. y fuerza explosiva. El VO2 máx. está relacionado con una mejor respuesta cognitiva y toma de decisiones.Alternate : The present study search to determine the relationship between maximum oxygen consumption, explosive force, decision-making and contextual intelligence in futsal athletes during isolation by Covid-19. Descriptive study, carried out with 30 indoor soccer athletes from the city of Popayan during the confinement by Covid-19, where training characteristics, body mass index, aerobic capacity, explosive strength of lower limbs, contextual intelligence and decision making. The average VO2max of the athletes was 43.60 ml/kg/min, the average jump height was 38.22 cm;the average reaction time for the Stroop test was 1.41 s. In addition, a statistical relationship was found between VO2max, the intuition to detect the actions of my opponent (p= 0.016), the quick reaction to changes in the competition (p= 0.012) and taking the initiative (p= 0.017). During the lockdown, the athletes presented levels of overweight, slow reaction times for decision making and low values in Vo2 max. and explosive force. The VO2 max. is related to a better cognitive response and decision making.